Eugen Bleuler and Emil Kraepelin - Pioneers in the Study of Schizophren

Eugen Bleuler and Emil Kraepelin - Pioneers in the Study of SchizophreniaSchizophrenia is a complex syndrome characterized by cognitive and emotional dysfunctions including delusions and hallucinations, disorganise speech and behavior, and inappropriate emotions. Since there is no cure to this disorder, clinicians rely on the DSM IV to differentiate between symptoms. The symptoms of the disorder back disrupt a persons perception, thought, speech, and movement in almost every aspect of daily functions. Mental health clinicians distinguish between positive, negative, and disorganized symptoms. Positive symptoms include active manifestations of abnormal behavior, which hallucinations and delusions fall in. Negative symptoms of schizophrenia ar alogia and avolition. Rambling speech, erratic behavior, and inappropriate affect are some of the symptoms that are outlined under the disorganized content. The foundations of schizophrenia lye within two noted psychologists by name of Eugen Bl euler and Emil Kraepelin. Emil Kraepelin first combined several symptoms of insanity that had previously been apart(p) in its own distinct disorder. The first symptom of insanity is catatonia, which is an alternate immobility and excited agitation. Hebephrenia is the second symptom, which details silly immaturity and emotionality. The troika symptom of insanity developed by Kraepelin is paranoia, defined as delusions of grandeur and persecution. All three are unified together by the term de...

Transformation of Macbeth :: Macbeth essays

Transformation of Macbeth In the beginning of Shakespheres, Macbeth, the character, Macbethis basically an everyday normal type of soldier fighting and cleansing forhis king. His title at this point is the Thane of Glamis. Upon having agreat day on the battlefield, including killing MacDonwald, Macbeth has noclue as to what is in store for him. When Macbeth and his friend Banquomeet the witches for the first time, they are completely shocked. mantalking with the witches Macbeth and Banquo are told that Macbeth will benamed the Thane of Cawdor, and then later king. They also told Banquo thathis children will be kings, but that Banquo would not. After hearing thisMacbeth begins to become ashamed with himself to deem that he actuallythought about killing the king in order to the throne from Duncan. At thispoint he is somewhat confused and maybe more curious than any(prenominal)thing. Histhought was not to do anything drastic to become king. He basically says,whatever happens, happe ns. When Macbeth arrives home to his wife, Lady Macbeth, she begins toplay mind games with him. She does this by trying to convince him tomurder Duncan. She tells him things like If you were a real man youd doit. This upsets Macbeth, and he begins to believe that he is actually goingto do it, and in conclusion carries it out. What he doesnt realize is thathe will later regret his actions, and wish that he could turn back time. As soon as Macbeth has killed Duncan, he seems to digress to lose hismind. He just doesnt know what to do with himself. In fact, he cannotfinish smearing the blood on the chamberlains, lady Macbeth had to. Astime goes by Macbeth begins to think that to keep his name clear he mustkill all the people that may pose a threat to him. Even if it meanskilling his best friend, Banquo. Macbeth did this by hiring people to killhim. They succeeded in killing Banquo but his son Fleance escaped.Although this wasnt the end of Macbeths killing, for instance he killedone m ans(Macduffs) family, which basically didnt make any sense. After a couple more run ins with the witches, Macbeth completelyloses all his ability to think straight and starts killing people just toprevent anyone from determination that he killed Duncan. Not only has Macbethlost his mind, so has lady Macbeth. She is always caught walking in hersleep talking about Duncans death, and she eventually commits suicide.

What A Day! :: Computers Internet Papers

What A Day Pamela, Pamela, Pamela, what can I say she is a typical modern day mother. At work she is the muliebrity who takes care of everyone else, she is the one who brings cookies and cakes everyday to share with everyone. I can see her now in her maroon 2001 Chrysler Mini van with vinyl interior so that the children dont mess up the seats Driving along with her flowered dress, hair band, flat sandals, loads of jewelry and too much blue eye shadow, which by the way doesnt match her out fit, accompanied by her bulging purse that is filled with everything including the kitchen sink. This morning was a good one she had orange juice with coffee, blueberry pancakes with butter and syrup. She isnt up in time very many mornings to make a full breakfast for herself, her three children and her husband well you might as well say her four children. She just got her red hair permed and teased just the way she likes it a few days ago. Pamela is just so stylish in her everyday attire. Somehow she finds the time to read her favorite book The Client, by John Grisham, and every once in awhile she until now gets to watch her favorite movie Where the Heart Is. After a long day in the office as a secretary she is comforted to have intercourse that only four more weeks and she off to Disney World for a week of summer vacation with her kids. Pamela just got base from work. Each day after she gets home she reads her emails from her friends, which usually are round the most recent gossip. Today Pamela got an email that was quite frightening. The email was a forward from her friend Danielle and it contained a link to a website which was about a deadly chemical called dihydrogen oxide. This awful chemical is odorless, colorless, and tasteless, but it kills thousands of people each year. Pamela became scared and called her three children in the room with her to read about this terrible chemical. She continued to read her email aloud Most of the deaths caused by DHO are by accidental inhalation. Prolonged exposure to the chemical in its truehearted form can cause severe tissue damage.

lala :: essays research papers

In 1999, Mary DeGenova and F. Philip Rice conducted an experiwork forcet to determine the differences between the covers of twelve popular workforces and womens magazines. Fifty-four push through of the sixty-nine covers viewed of the womens magazines contained some message about bodily step forwardance, whereas n one and only(a) of the fifty-three covers of the mens magazines viewed contained such messages (78). It seems that the media socializes women to value themselves according to their appearance and men are taught that being a man is about status and success rather than physicality (DeGenova and Rice 68). Karen Horney, a German psychiatrist in the primal twentieth century, maintained that there is a distrust that exists between the sexes partly because we all have a natural fear of losing ourselves in another mortal (361). Because trusting someone of the opposite sex requires vulnerability, people are reluctant to allow themselves to be seen without the protective shield of indifference. After perusing the May issues of Elle, G.Q., Glamour, and Maxim, one could detect that women are taught to please men through their appearance and their sexual prowess while men are taught to use their fashion and their knowledge to appear ambivalent and independent.Before one can consider the messages contained within the magazines, he or she must be aware of the media existing as a socializing agent. Magazines and other forms of Taylor 2mass media transmit several messages that shape the way individuals view themselves and others. There are several perceived differences between the gender roles of men and women. Young children are taught schemas of gender that continue to be culturally and socially reinforced as they grow up the children, in turn, use these schemas to process tuition about themselves and about others. Children are encouraged to assume the appropriate gender identity by being rewarded for behaviors that align with socially-determined gender expe ctations and punished for those that do not. Those who proceed up to societal expectations are accepted as normal those who do not conform are criticized and pressured to comply. (Transition sentence) All four magazines viewed contain messages about the sizeableness of style, but Elle and Glamour, womens magazines, promote the idea that a females personal happiness is linked to her physical appearance. Elle contained an article entitled Pretty, Please which demonstrate various techniques of applying makeup in order to make a woman appear more beautiful. G.Q. and Maxim, mens magazines, endorse style as a means of exuding machismo.

Praise of Chain Stores by Virginia Postrel Essay example -- wal-mart, e

So whats wrong if the country has 158 neighborhood California Pizza Kitchens instead of one or two? Virginia Postrel inquires in her In cheering of Chain Stores essay (Postrel 348). In re scarcelytal, I plan to answer her question with more reasons than one. However, the responses I intend to offer apply not only to the CPKs of America, but for all the national retailers, big box stores, chain stores, and the like. National retailers destroy the local anesthetic character of small towns. Chain stores should be limited to only operate on in a few highly populated urban areas. Furthermore, the costs saved in the convenience and familiarity of chain stores do not outweigh the prohibit economic impact and damaging effects that they can have on a communitys well-being.Postrel develops her support of national retailers throughout the essay, offering the thinking that it isnt the stores that give places their character, but instead, aspects like the terrain, weather and culture that do (Postrel 347). While terrain, weather and culture can set apart regions, such as New England from The Deep South, and Southern California from the Midwest, its the community that gives each town their own special character. A community consists of the residents, their restaurants, hardware stores, pharmacies, ice clobber parlors, farmers markets, and so on. These places, and the interactions that occur daily at each establishment, are the fabric that contraryiate them, and create the breeding ground for diverse characteristics to flourish. While Postrel argues that wildly different business establishments across America in the past is a myth , its actually not necessarily that the products that varied from store to store, but more the aforementioned factors that truly set ... ...he amount of a certain retailers establishments constructed within a certain amount of mileage. For example, a Wal-Mart on the uniting side of town and the south side of town is excessive.There is no qu estion that chain stores have a detrimental effect on the measured character and community of small towns. Not only are residents effected economically and collectively, but the character of the area is also threatened or compromised. In conclusion, we should all take a step back and see how we can give back to our community by leveling the playing field for local businesses. The first step in doing so is to realize the negative influences chain stores impose on small towns. Works CitedPostrel, Virginia. In Praise of Chain Stores. standard Essays A Portable Anthology. Eds. Jane E. Aaron and Ellen Kuhl Repetto. Boston Bedford/St. Martins, 2013. 345-49

Visualizing Eternity in Walt Whitmans Song of Myself Essay -- Song of

Visualizing Eternity in Walt Whitmans Song of Myself Whitmans poem Song of Myself 44 stands as a justification and testaments of not only who he is and what he is, solely also as who we are, we being battalion in general. The poem is not ab out(a) a self-idolizing reference claiming to be the greatest being of all fourth dimension. kind of it paints a picture for all mankind a desire to relate to. It puts a mirror in motility of the world and presents an angle of an image that, though familiar, we brook never seen or realized before. In the very runner of the poem, Whitman addresses the world upon a pedestal, asking them to stand and explore with him the unknown. And what is unknown is eternity and the meaning of brio. From this beginning there is a tone of a confession or a speech that is set out to reveal something new and something of importance. He strips a stylus what is known, or rather, all the little things of demeanor, that which really does not divisi on much, and tries to get to the bottom of it all. And what lies at the bottom is eternity. This is the un explicateable, the unattainable, simply also the essential. Eternity tooshienot be captured by people, it lies in bottomless reservoirs(1136). It is a force that has been present for many years, and allow continue forth for more than anyone will ever know. But it is through this force that people have grown and learned to exist. The poem puts in writing the constantly moving force of life and time. We were born somewhere along the line of life and will die somewhere as well, but we still were present in the nurturing existence of time everyone has his or her time, place, and moment of life. In line 1142, Whitman writes, in my opinion, a kind of commentary of society, that whi... ...nd then to Monstrous sauroids or dinosaurs roaming the earth. The whole process has been steadily assiduous to complete and delight me(1167). I do not flavour that he intentionally means that he alone is the product of the universes existence, but I feel that he speaks of himself in such a way but does not exclude everyone else from the realization that they too are the end result of history. It reads to me more like a confidence boaster rather than an egotistical look at life. But this is arguable as, in the beginning of the poem, he says It is time top explain myself(1133), but he includes as along by saying I launch all men and women forward with me into the unknown(1134), so it is a matter of perspective. I feel, however, that it is not just Whitman but everyone who can now stand as the completion of nature, the final product of history, which is life. Visualizing Eternity in Walt Whitmans Song of Myself raise -- Song ofVisualizing Eternity in Walt Whitmans Song of Myself Whitmans poem Song of Myself 44 stands as a confession and testaments of not only who he is and what he is, but also as who we are, we being people in general. The poem is not about a self-idolizing author claiming to be the greatest being of all time. Instead it paints a picture for all mankind alike to relate to. It puts a mirror in front of the world and presents an angle of an image that, though familiar, we have never seen or realized before. In the very beginning of the poem, Whitman addresses the world upon a pedestal, asking them to stand and explore with him the unknown. And what is unknown is eternity and the meaning of life. From this beginning there is a tone of a confession or a speech that is set out to reveal something new and something of importance. He strips away what is known, or rather, all the little things of life, that which really does not matter much, and tries to get to the bottom of it all. And what lies at the bottom is eternity. This is the unexplainable, the unattainable, but also the essential. Eternity cannot be captured by people, it lies in bottomless reservoirs(1136). It is a force that has been present for many years, and will continue forth for more than anyone will ever know. But it is through this force that people have grown and learned to exist. The poem puts in writing the constantly moving force of life and time. We were born somewhere along the line of life and will die somewhere as well, but we still were present in the nurturing existence of time everyone has his or her time, place, and moment of life. In line 1142, Whitman writes, in my opinion, a kind of commentary of society, that whi... ...nd then to Monstrous sauroids or dinosaurs roaming the earth. The whole process has been steadily employed to complete and delight me(1167). I do not feel that he intentionally means that he alone is the product of the universes existence, but I feel that he speaks of himself in such a way but does not exclude everyone else from the realization that they too are the end result of history. It reads to me more like a confidence boaster rather than an egotistical l ook at life. But this is arguable as, in the beginning of the poem, he says It is time top explain myself(1133), but he includes as along by saying I launch all men and women forward with me into the unknown(1134), so it is a matter of perspective. I feel, however, that it is not just Whitman but everyone who can now stand as the completion of nature, the final product of history, which is life.

Visualizing Eternity in Walt Whitmans Song of Myself Essay -- Song of

Visualizing Eternity in Walt Whitmans vociferation of Myself Whitmans poem Song of Myself 44 stands as a confession and testaments of not only who he is and what he is, alone likewise as who we are, we being people in general. The poem is not about a self-idolizing author claiming to be the greatest being of each time. Instead it paints a picture for all mankind alike to relate to. It puts a mirror in front of the valet and presents an angle of an image that, though familiar, we confine n forever seen or realized before. In the very beginning of the poem, Whitman addresses the world upon a pedestal, asking them to stand and mind for with him the unk in a flashn. And what is unknown is eternity and the meaning of life. From this beginning at that place is a tone of a confession or a speech that is set out to detect something new and something of importance. He strips away what is known, or rather, all the little things of life, that which really does not matter mu ch, and tries to get to the bottom of it all. And what lies at the bottom is eternity. This is the unexplainable, the unattainable, unless also the essential. Eternity cannot be captured by people, it lies in bottomless reservoirs(1136). It is a force that has been present for many years, and go forth continue forth for more than anyone will ever know. But it is through this force that people have grown and learned to exist. The poem puts in writing the constantly moving force of life and time. We were born(p) somewhere along the line of life and will die somewhere as well, but we still were present in the nurturing existence of time everyone has his or her time, place, and moment of life. In line 1142, Whitman writes, in my opinion, a kind of commentary of society, that whi... ...nd then to Monstrous sauroids or dinosaurs roaming the earth. The whole process has been steadily employed to fare and delight me(1167). I do not heart that he intentionally means that he alone is the product of the universes existence, but I feel that he speaks of himself in such a way but does not exclude everyone else from the realization that they too are the end result of history. It reads to me more like a confidence boaster rather than an egotistical look at life. But this is arguable as, in the beginning of the poem, he says It is time top explain myself(1133), but he includes as along by adage I launch all men and women forward with me into the unknown(1134), so it is a matter of perspective. I feel, however, that it is not just Whitman but everyone who can now stand as the completion of nature, the final product of history, which is life. Visualizing Eternity in Walt Whitmans Song of Myself Essay -- Song ofVisualizing Eternity in Walt Whitmans Song of Myself Whitmans poem Song of Myself 44 stands as a confession and testaments of not only who he is and what he is, but also as who we are, we being people in general. The poem is not ab out a self-idolizing author claiming to be the greatest being of all time. Instead it paints a picture for all mankind alike to relate to. It puts a mirror in front of the world and presents an angle of an image that, though familiar, we have neer seen or realized before. In the very beginning of the poem, Whitman addresses the world upon a pedestal, asking them to stand and explore with him the unknown. And what is unknown is eternity and the meaning of life. From this beginning there is a tone of a confession or a speech that is set out to reveal something new and something of importance. He strips away what is known, or rather, all the little things of life, that which really does not matter much, and tries to get to the bottom of it all. And what lies at the bottom is eternity. This is the unexplainable, the unattainable, but also the essential. Eternity cannot be captured by people, it lies in bottomless reservoirs(1136). It is a force that has been present for m any years, and will continue forth for more than anyone will ever know. But it is through this force that people have grown and learned to exist. The poem puts in writing the constantly moving force of life and time. We were born somewhere along the line of life and will die somewhere as well, but we still were present in the nurturing existence of time everyone has his or her time, place, and moment of life. In line 1142, Whitman writes, in my opinion, a kind of commentary of society, that whi... ...nd then to Monstrous sauroids or dinosaurs roaming the earth. The whole process has been steadily employed to complete and delight me(1167). I do not feel that he intentionally means that he alone is the product of the universes existence, but I feel that he speaks of himself in such a way but does not exclude everyone else from the realization that they too are the end result of history. It reads to me more like a confidence boaster rather than an egotistical look at life. But this is arguable as, in the beginning of the poem, he says It is time top explain myself(1133), but he includes as along by saying I launch all men and women forward with me into the unknown(1134), so it is a matter of perspective. I feel, however, that it is not just Whitman but everyone who can now stand as the completion of nature, the final product of history, which is life.

Responsibilities of Business Organizations

With the rate at which technology is currently growing and the number of competitors available in markets also increasing, responsibilities by pixilateds is obligatory. With totally this, it is of great splendor to observe issues relating to note ethics with a very keen eye. For businesses to be valued in terms of ethics, they must observe principles related to ethics. This value given to business ethics can make a business boost its performance and achieve set objectives and goals (Donaldson & Werhane 34). Customers, employees and employer satisfactions will dictate the type of ethics to be followed in a business.The responsibility of acting ethically lies on the hands of each single person in the organization. Acting ethically means more(prenominal) than adhering to company rules, policies or laws. Everything done counts and constitutes of visibility concerns that must be held high. Some of the business responsibilities expected to be practiced include the following. Legal Sy stems It is argued that the law binds the business to its ethics. Milton Friedman the views pioneer said that as long as businesses argon faced with the obligation of making profits, all its activities should be inline with the countrys legal system.Friedman says that businesses should conform to core rules of both the country of operation and the ethics of the location where the business is located (Donaldson, & Werhane123) The legal system of a country promise that firms be regulated from engaging in activities that can prove detrimental to the broader perspective of social good including its citizens and environment. Its the responsibility of the firm to ensure that all these regulations are complied with as far as running its activities.This is despite the inability of government laws being unable to cover all perspectives of business operations. Business Practices and Priorities Businesses are expected to be responsible in performing their activities. This is because the most crucial stakeholders of the firm dictate them to be. For instance it is the obligation of the business to carry out activities that are in agreement with their employees views. This is due to the benefits that accompany increased engagements and cooperation of employees. Other key stakeholders include customers, investors and consumers.The community of operation and regulators all require their needs to be fulfill by the corporations. Its upon the organization to determine the degree of importance of each stakeholder and how to satisfy their different needs. Community Expectations It is the responsibility of the firm to work hand in hand with the local community. This in turn will prevent conflicts that are bound to take place when disagreements regarding some actions taken or not taken by one of the parties involved. The community will hold the corporation responsible for its actions.The community expects so much from the business and its of great importance if the firm fulfills this expectation. This can be in form of employment creation, participation in community activities and provision of better and improved living standard due to the former(a) amenities attracted to the region. Education and Crisis Management Its the responsibility of the organization to ensure that the society is educated regarding its operations. The society and the corporation should be able to work jointly with the society to tackle pressures that are taking place due to constant changes.If the company is involved in activities that can lead to crises, the duty of taking up cleaning measures lies on it. This is to avoid the effects that may result from the actions taken. The business has the responsibility of creating awareness to its customers and consumers regarding the side effects of their operations in the region and the products its selling. References Donaldson, Thomas& Patricia, Werhane. Ethical Issues in Business A Philosophical Approach. New Jersey Pearson/Prentice Hal l, 2008.

Prison and Parole

CJ 365 1 April 2013 cry In Society Last stratum, 77% of captives released from incarceration were released through and in to a establishment of community and authoritative supervision called war cry. discussion is the conditional release from confinement of a person comp iodinnt an indeterminate sentence (Corrections To solar day, page 262) and it is an idea which has had a huge impact on the justice system and the die gruelingings of the U. S. Department of Corrections as we direct know it. The concept of intelligence can be traced back to the works of Alexander Maconochie.Maconochie was the superint poleent of a penal colony on Norfolk Island, Australia. In his work, Maconochie utilize a system through which dear(p) behavior was encouraged through the use of marks. Prisoners served their sentence in three stages of progressively increasing responsibility. Prisoners advanced through the setoff two stages through labor, studies and good behavior. They would then be r eleased into the out expression world cut back the stairs the condition that disobeying the law would result in reincarceration.Walter Crofton choose Maconochies ideas as the basis for the Irish mark system which make permissible the early release of prisoners with a record of good behavior. This mark system was instituted at the Elmira reformatory in the 1870s and from there went on to spread rapidly throughout the United States justice system. Today, around 77% of con games that argon released from prison do so through the news system or some very similar form of community supervision. According to the position of Justice Statistics, at the end of 2011 there were 853,900 adults on unloose and around 1. million adults that had moved on to or off of release over the course of the year. The master(prenominal) goal of liberate is to supervise the reintegration of convicts back into society and encourage their replenishment towards becoming a more than productive member of society. There atomic number 18 three different purposes of the invention of parole to help the parolee obtain help for problems with employment, residency, finance, and any former(a) personal troubles that may interfere with a prisoners reintegration into every(prenominal)day living to make society safer by preventing situations in which prior wrongdoers might commit new offense and also to prevent the needless imprisonment of those not credibly to commit further crime (Parole FAQs). Parole is a lot confused with probation, though they are distinctly different. Probation is used as an alternative to incarceration in which the offender receives call down supervision whilst still living a mostly normal life, whereas with parole, an offender serves most of their sentence in a reformatory and pending good behavior, is then released to serve the remainder in the community (under state supervision).There are several rules and deceaselines used to determine eligibility for paro le that must first be met by an inmate. Eligibility for parole regards on the type of sentence assigned by the court. Accompanying an offenders sentencing is a parole eligibility prison term. This is the earliest potential date upon which an offender may be released in the instance that the parole commission finds them suitable for release. Unless the court specifies a minimum amount of time that an inmate must serve or said offender is serving an indeterminate sentence, an inmate becomes eligible for parole by and by completion of one third of their court-mandated sentence.To apply for consideration, an inmate must fill out a parole application furnished by a case manager. The case manager then informs the potential parolee of his parole hearing date. This date generally occurs indoors a few months of placement in the respective presentation, except in cases where the offender is serving more than ten years time. In this instance, the initial hearing is scheduled six months prior to the completion of ten years.At this parole hearing, the offender receives an opportunity to present their side of the story and to offer their argument as to why they should be released. The general factors considered during a parole hearing include the details of the offense, prior criminal history, the guidelines which the commissioning uses in making their determination, the offenders accomplishments in the correctional facility, details of a release plan, and any problems the offender has had to meet in the past and is likely to encounter once more in the future (USPC FAQs).When determining parole eligibility, there are four important factors which the parole commission must consider can the inmate be released without being a detriment to himself and/or the community, allow for their release serve the best interest of the community, is the inmate leaveing and able to meet the conditions of both their parole assignment and of everyday life, and whether or not continue d correctional treatment would further their chances of acquireing a normal, law-abiding life.To make a determination of these factors, each potential parolee is queryed by the acting parole jump on. A parole mature is a group of people who decide whether or not an offender should be released on parole. On February 7th, 2011, Governor Rick Snyder signed State of knot Executive Order No. 2011-3 abolished the Michigan Parole and Commutation get along and replaced it with the Michigan Parole Board, granting membership to ten full-time non-Civil Service employees who are appointed by the director of the Michigan Department of Corrections (MDOC Parole Board).Michigans current board members come from a variety of backgrounds including law enforcement, law, corrections, ministry, social work and public service. These ten people are split up into three groups of three, with the remaining person acting as the chairperson and also the deciding vote in ties. The MPB (Michigan Parole Bo ard) is the sole parole authority for prisoners under the jurisdiction of the Michigan Department of Corrections. It should be noted that parole board mental synthesis and determinations differ from one jurisdiction to the next. According to statute MCL 791. 33, a prisoner may be granted parole only after the board has reasonable assurance, after consideration of all of the facts and circumstances, including the prisoners mental and social attitude, that the prisoner pull up stakes not become a menace to society or to the public safety (Parole culture More). Most prisoners are interviewed by one member of the board. This interview is used to explore the offenders criminal, social and substance abuse history, their behavior in prison, their plans for parole, and any other matters pertinent to the specific case.The prisoner is allowed to energize one other representative present at the interview with them (this representative cannot be a lawyer or fellow prisoner). On October 3 0th, 2004, the Crime Rights Victims encounter was enacted. This act is mean for the preservation of the rights of crime dupes. A crime victim is defined as an individual who suffers direct or threatened physical, financial or emotional harm as a result of the commission of a crime is considered a victim (Crime Victims Rights Act). This act entitles the crime victim notification and consultation throughout each step of the justice mathematical process.According to the act, at the written request of the victim, the MDOC must provide notifications at every stage of the prisoners incarceration process. This act also grants the victim the right to submit a written, telephone or oral impact statement to the parole board for hearing prior to the approval of a parole request consisting of any relevant statements regarding the effects of the crime upon the victim, the circumstances surrounding the crime and any other details relevant to the crime, and also the victims personal opinion as to whether or not the offender should be released on parole.The parole board utilizes a numerical scoring system called the parole guidelines. This process applies objective criteria and is generally a significant factor in the parole approval decision process in some situations, parole can be approved or denied before an interview even takes place. The score is important enough that in instances where the Parole Board makes a decision contradictory to that suggested guideline score, they must provide, in writing, substantial and compelling reasons in support of the decision. The guidelines used in parole guidelines are outlined in Administrative Rule 791. 716 (Parole Consideration Process). afterwards the hearing has been completed and the case file examined, the parole decision is made by three-member panels of the board. If their request is denied, the inmate is returned to the institution where they then be possessed of the option of filing an appeal of the parole decision w ith the National Appeals Board (so long as they do so within thirty days of the date listen on the Notice of Action). The National Appeals Board then has the option of affirming, reversing or modifying the decision made by the regional commissioner, or they may order a new hearing.Decisions made by the National Appeals Board are final, and offenders entrust not rush the option of appealing the Appeals Boards decision. If the inmate declines to submit an appeal, he is legally entitled to reconsideration after a certain amount of time. If the inmate is sentenced to less than seven years, they will receive another(prenominal) hearing 18 months from the date of their last. If their sentence exceeds seven years, their next parole hearing will be scheduled 24 months from the date of the last.If the panel approves the parole request, the inmates case file is then assigned to a parole officer establish upon the county in which the subject will be fulfilling their parole requirements over a specified amount of time. The offender should have a release plan denoting a suitable residence and ideally a verified offer of employment. This is not mandatory though and there are exceptions to this law which are decided on a person to person basis. If everything goes accordingly, the detainee will be released from incarceration on the date listed on their release certificate.They then return to their approved trapping and must then chronicle to the United States Probation Office listed on their certificate. Their assigned officer will establish a plan for regular reporting in person, along with mandatory monthly reports for the remainder of the sentence. Also listed on the release certificate are the rules and conditions by which the parolee agrees to live. So long as the parolee fulfills the requirements established by the parole board and finishes his parole period without any violations of the predetermined parole conditions, the parolee will be released from government s upervision.These rules vary from one person to the next and are tailored by the Parole Board to better equip each individual offender for success in the integration process. Common conditions of parole often require abstaining from any and all drugs and alcoholic drink, confinement to a defined area/perimeter, steady employment/residency, counseling or, if deemed necessary, enrollment into in-patient treatment facilities. In the event of a violation of parole conditions, the offender isnt always returned to prison.Depending on the nature of the violation, various programs and sanctions can be used as an alternative to re-incarceration. The Michigan Department of Corrections cites an added emphasis on offender success in the community and tries to keep parolees out in the community when they intend that they can continue to be safely managed there (Parole Learning More). Though it is, like nearly every other government approach to social issues, plagued with disadvantages, parole serves as an efficient and mostly effective tool for managing some of the flaws and issues within the justice system.Parole allows the freeing up of space in already rapidly over move prisons across the nation by releasing non- uncultivated drug offenders and other reformed prisoners ready for reintegration into society, opening up space for inmates who pose a more serious threat to society. After spending months, years or even decades in prison, the average inmate has lost at least some sense of what life is like out-of-door of their institution. Parole is a gentle easing back in to community life allowing the prisoner supervision and some restrictions to help keep them from the activities which got them into trouble into the first place.Paroles accompanying threat of a return to prison is often enough to deter those who might otherwise fall back into their old ways. many inmates report feeling lost and alone following their release some dont know what to do in the absence of th e basic structure and routine that theyd grown accustomed to during their period of incarceration. Parole is not a unanimously accepted issue and some think it to be runty more than an extension of mercy towards the prisoner in the form of a reduced sentence. These people feel that early release on parole drastically reduces the effectiveness of the prison sentence.What most do not realize is that even if a person doesnt receive approval for parole, this does not disqualify them from or affect their chances of an early release on account of good behavior and/or other contributing factors. Citing information from White Paper, a report compiled by a firm called Prisoners Legal Services which covers nearly all aspects of the current state of parole in Massachusetts lower rates of parole negatively affect the prisoner, the community to which he returns, the crime victim, and also the justice system of which he is a part.The report states that the number of state and county prisoners re leased on parole decreased from 4,508 in 2010 to 2,043 in 2011. By the end of 2011, there were only 1,649 offenders out on parole nearly half the number of the previous years end. In 2010, 38% percent of released offenders were put on parole, compared to 2012s meager 15% release rate. Instead of having a parole officer to guide them through the reintegration process, prisoners are released back into the world with no form of supervision, services or support.Reduced parole approval rates also mean that prisoners serving time in medium and maximum security institutions return directly to the community with no transitioning steps. Failure to provide assistance to released inmates and the states ignorance of the rehabilitation process can be directly correlated with higher rates of recidivism. Recidivism is defined as the act of a person repeating an undesirable behavior after they have experienced negative consequences for that ehavior, or have been treated or trained to extinguish tha t behavior (Recidivism, Wikipedia). Recidivism is one of the most important subjects of consideration within the criminal justice process as the purpose of a release from incarceration is rendered useless if the perpetrator will simply return to the life that lead him into the justice system in the first place. This is an issue of the highest priority as over 95% of prisoners serving time in state and federal prisons will eventually be released back into the community.While the United States continues to take increasing measures aimed towards the arrest and incarceration of its criminals (resulting in drastically higher arrest rates and increasing issues with overpopulation and crowding in the nations institutions), it has failed to respond to increasing rates of recidivism among its prisoners. A survey conducted in 2003 by the Urban Institute of the Justice Policy stub reported that 53% of arrested males and 39% of arrested females would be re-incarcerated.This same study states t hat within three years of release, nearly seven out of every ten males will be rearrested and half of that number will end up back in prison. The report says recidivism happens due to both personal and situational conditions. It also claims that one of the main reasons for recidivism is because it is difficult for the individual to fit back in with normal life It says many prisoners report anxiety regarding their release and excitement about how their life will be different this time and this often proves a matter of utter disappointment and frustration in the instances where this doesnt end up being the case.Nearly every study and report on the issue reports the same thing the more efforts taken to work towards rehabilitation of released prisoners, the lower their chances of recidivism. The success rates of rehabilitation efforts depend largely on the nature of the original offense, but in almost every single instance, an inmate has a notably higher chance of success in the outside world with the assistance and support of the state. In 2010, 51% of United States federal inmates were doing time as a result of a drug-related charge.Estimates state that nearly three out of four prisoners returning from prison have a history of substance-abuse. Despite this, only 7%-17% of prisoners actually meet the DSM criteria for alcohol and drug dependence and actually receive treatment in prison. Effectiveness studies have reported that inmates who partake in residential treatment programs during their incarceration have 9%-18% lower recidivism rates, and possess a 15%-30% lower chance of relapse than their fellow prisoners who did not receive treatment.One interesting statistic to note is the rate of recidivism in offenders with prior arrest history. Within three years of release, 41% of prisoners with one prior arrest were re-arrested while 82% of those with more than fifteen prior arrests were re-arrested. A study published in McNairs Scholar Journal entitled The Relatio nship Between Parole and Recidivism in the Criminal Justice System by Jacquelin Robinson of Grand Valley State University claims a direct association between parole and recidivism.Interestingly enough, she says that because of modestly high rates of parole violation and failure among parolees are a direct opposite of what they seemingly should be as the rate of parole increases, so do the chances of recidivism. According to the same studies, parole supervision (regardless of how intensive) was not a direct contributor towards lower recidivism rates. This same article cites a study conducted by Jeremy Travis in May 2000 on behalf of the National Institute of Justice.Travis findings indicated that rehabilitation programs actually had very little effect on reduced recidivism and actually states that parole violations are now the driving force behind prison exploitation, being responsible for 34% of all admissions. A study entitled Does Parole Work compiled by Amy Solomon of the Urban Institute in Washington D. C. for the Bureau of Justice Statistics offers statistics indicating a meagerly higher chance for recidivism of unconditional releases (61%) in comparison to discretionary parolees (57%). While these studies claim that parole supervision is next to useless, other studies present very different ideas.According to a four year study conducted by Rutgers University and presented to the New Jersey State Parole Board, intensive supervision of angry and high-risk offenders significantly reduces the chances that they will be re-arrested. According to this study, parolees subjected to intensive law-enforcement supervision and to programs designed to ease their re-entry into the community fared best, boasting a 41% recidivism rate in comparison to the 51% general parolee rate and the 73% rate of those who completed their full sentence and were under no supervision post-release.Though as a general whole, these high rates of recidivism and the low rates of parole suc cess might seem to support the idea that parole is not a frightfully effective manner of approaching the release and treatment of the countrys lower-threat class of criminals, it is proven more effective in cases involving violent/high-risk offenders which should be of a higher priority anyways. That said, parole also makes sense from a financial perspective which is ultimately of huge important in the process.Though it varies from one institution to the next and from state to state, it costs taxpayers $47,000 per year to keep inmates incarcerated in a California prison (less than yearly tuition at Princetown University) which stands in comparison to a probation cost of around $1200 a year and about $1500 a year to keep an offender out on parole. In the fiscal year of 2010, the Michigan Department of Corrections had $1. 2 billion in prison expenditures and more than seventy million in prison-related costs outside the departments budget. A Michigan inmate will end up costing the sta te $28,117 for each year of incarceration (Price of Prisons).Obviously withstanding the offender themselves, the most important person in the parole supervision and reform process is the parole officer. Parole and probation supervision is a social-based job, rather than one rooted in information and data and often culminates in an end-result of satisfaction and rewards when a parole officer gets the opportunity to have a positive impact on the life of one of their parolees. In a news article published in New Hampshire News, reporter Chris Jensen follows parole/probation officer John Loven through an average day in his line of work.Loven starts the day out with a folder containing the files of all of the parolees to which he is assigned. His job is to make sure that the people in these files are living up to the conditions agreed upon that are listed upon the parolees assigned certificate of release, and in the cases where they are not, it is his duty to see to it that theyre either rewarded for their efforts or punished for their lack thereof. Loven says that most of his cases convey problems stemming back to alcohol and drugs, though there are the inevitable outliers to this too. Each probation or parolee, Loven states, is really an individual they have individual problems and they each have individual needs. (Day in the Life) Lovens job entails a daily commute of up to (and sometimes more than) two hundred miles. Most of his visits are unexpected intended to catch the parolee in their natural environment living out an average day. Hoping to catch them in the act, he often finds himself digging through their crackpot cans for evidence of recent drinking or drug use. One case special to Loven is that of a twenty year old recovering addict.Loven stops by her house regularly, checking up on her physical well-being, keeping track of what stage she is at in her recovery. Upon arrival, Loven finds the girl in a bad state. She appears visibly nervous, and is sor t of shaky and seemingly anxious and upset. At first Loven probes for any evidence of deviance from the court-ordered conditions but after a phone call informs the girl of family problems she breaks down in to tears. Loven works to console the girl, and that done, asks to look at her arms. She explains two bruising track marks as the areas from which she had her blood drawn for a recent health check procedure.Loven makes sure that shes taking proper hygienic standards to keep herself in optimal shape. With a history of previously missed appointments, Loven then reminds her that shell have another meeting with him in two weeks time. After running through her schedule with him, he wishes her well and then heads back to his car to go about his day. With 96 cases that month, and nearly 110 the month before that, Loven keeps plenty busy. His visits take him to a variety of different environments filled with a variety of different people.Drug users, alcoholics, sex offenders, violent cri minals and also everyday average American citizens there are few limits drawn around Lovens scope of duty. With a bachelors point in time in Criminal Justice and graduates degrees in community counseling and psychology although he does mention a huge amount of paperwork, he says that when it comes down to it, his job is a delicate balance of counseling and investigation. He must reach a point where hes not offish to his parolees, but at the same time, doesnt come across as a sucker that will fall for their lies and tricks.He must count on a sense of reason and logic to guide him through the day to day. You get to know them, you get to know their families, their lifestyles and how theyre doing. Though not for everyone, the role of parole officer/supervisor is a job that will prove both enriching and rewarding to the right kind of person who is ready to endure the hard work and dedication required to meet the demands of a job so important in modern-day society. All in all, parole i s one of societys stepping stones towards a brighter future.Though not a guarantee of success and not without the occasional flaw, parole still holds much greater promise than most of the alternatives. Through the hard work of officers, parole gives criminal offenders a chance at putting together the pieces of a normal life in the wake of a long prison sentence. So long as both officer and parolee are willing to put in the time and effort towards improvement on a personal and community level, parole gives a reformed and well-intentioned offender the chance for a new start and a better life.Works Cited Alarid, Leanne Fiftal, and Carmen Rolando V. Del. Probation. Community-Based Corrections. Belmont, CA Wadsworth, 2011. 139-55. Print. Crime Victims Rights Act. Michigan Department of Corrections. N. p. , n. d. Web. 01 Apr. 2013. . Crime Victims Rights Act. Offices Of The United States Attorneys. United States Department of Justice, n. d. Web. 01 Apr. 2013. . Jensen, Chris. A Day in the Life of a North Country Parole Officer. New Hampshire News. NHPR, 23 May 2011. Web. 01 Apr. 2013. . Marushack, Laura, and Erika Parks. Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS). Bureau of Justice Statistics. N. p. , 29 Nov. 2012. Web. 31 Mar. 2013. Http//bjs. gov/index. cfm? ty=pbdetail&iid=4538 Michigan Exec. Order No. 2011-3, 3 C. F. R. (2011).Print. Parole Learning More. Michigan Department of Corrections. N. p. , n. d. Web. 01 Apr. 2013. . Parole Conditions. LegalMatch. Ed. Ken LeMance. N. p. , 21 Oct. 2012. Web. 01 Apr. 2013. . The Parole Consideration Process. Michigan Department of Corrections. N. p. , n. d. Web. 01 Apr. 2013. Parole Position

Thoughts of Francis Bacon About Love

Of Love The Essays of Francis Bacon are the first in date of classics of English prose, in proper sense of the term. They are used as class-books almost as much of Shakespeares plays. No one in English literature has ever written a greater number of essays packed with striking formulas and loaded with practical wisdom. Bacons Essays are the fruit of his close observation of hu humankind life. They have been described to be the treasure house of wisdom. Of Love is one of most famous essays of Francis Bacon. He discloses his philosophical thoughts on discern.This essay is bound to have a wide appeal because of the subject it deals with. But it is a matter of great grieve that bacons treatment towards love is really disappointing. In the beginning of the essay Bacon clears his position and thought against love and its greater social function. According to Bacon, Love plays a greater role in the theatre than in actual life of man. Through this kind of thought he wants to tell that l ove is a matter of en joyment that lowlife be silk hat suited only in plays or dramas. Not only that, he says in actual or practical life of a man love can not contri plainlye much.According to Bacon, Love has always provided or rendered material for comic plays and sometime, for tragic plays. But in real life, love causes much mischief. Here Bacon clearly says that it is love which may wreck the career of a man. For example he mentioned the name of Antony and Othello who both were greatly troubled with the consequences of love. In this essay Bacon mainly deals with the disadvantages of love. Here Bacon speaks like a puritan moralist. He observes that no worthy person of ancient or modern time has been transform to the mad of 3rddegree of love.Bacon opines that we are created to ponder over noble and great objects of human life. He does not support of kneeling a man before a woman for the sake of love and for some sorts of sensuous pleasure. It is really strange to observe that th e passion of love twist or distort a mans judgment. It is love that bounds a man to be a flatterer and at the aforementioned(prenominal) time a caramel brown becomes absurd in his use of extravagant words about his beloved. Therefore he has rightly said that one cannot love and be wise at the same time.A devotee does not like to lose his love in exchange of anything I getting Helen, genus Paris had to sacrifice both riches and wisdom though he finally lost Helen. Loving others is a Universal character in a man. If a man does not concentrate his love upon one or a few individuals, naturally his love will extend too many people. Thus he may become a kind hearted and gracious if he grasps the opportunity of loving a large number of people In the last part of the essay, Bacon says that married love is beneficial to mankind but immoral love is really dangerous.It is, indeed, very difficult to agree with Bacon in his remarks on the subjects of love. Here we dont have impartial treatme nt of love. Bacon regards love as barbarian of folly. It may be wise policy to exercise love with in limkits and not to allow interrupt with business. It is very realistic and natural that a lover has to sacrifice for the sake of his beloved. But the fact is that love is something grand and sublime. It is one of the most inspring and ennobling passing of mankind. It often is able to bring out the best that is in man. Tennyson has rightly said that it is better to have loved and lost than never to have loved at all.A man who has never loved has helpless the opportunity of the greatest experience of life. The/ecstasy of love the golden dreams which ot gaves rise to, its thrills and excitement, are may be unknown to Bacon. Half the literature of the world deals with the joy and glory of love. Bacon would perhaps regard this literasy works as trash. It is indeed. Bacon sounds almost ridiculous while speaking of love. Francis Bacon is a Renaissance product and his essays reflect the Re naissance spirit. He may be called an eloquent prophet of new age of human thought and human activity initiated by the Renassance.In spite of being a supererogatory kind of moralist, Bacon criticised ove in his essay OF Love When he takes his position against love, we the common people feel sorry for Bacon as he may not be justified with what he said against love. He has mentioned the fake of Aotonio and paris in this essay. According to him they both have lost their valuable position. But at the same time both of them have gained a eternal place in Human mind for their sacrifice for love. We still remember and shed tears for Paris and Antorio but not for Bacon Who has outspoken against love which is an inborn god gifted quality of a human being.

Internet and Our Reading Ability Essay

mesh has become a boon for all of us. It gave us the flexibility to get any strain of information on our figure tips, at the allayer of our home and that too very quickly. Few years back getting information about anything was lovely of difficult and tedious. People use to watch books, go through journals and old intelligencepapers and so on and so forth to fetch any particular news or information. But with the meshing boom, everything changed. People started using eBooks, online dictionaries, Wikipedia, online magazines, online journals.Internet gave great deal the flexibility to search for anything and everything they want with the click of a button, starting from a topical anaesthetic address to international news with the search giant called Google. In current scenario, more and more people are becoming dependant on net for everything in their life. With all these developments and meshwork dependency, the one billion dollar question is, does the Internet step-down our ability and interest in see? Does the Internet decrease our ability and interest in development? Internet, fewer years back this was not k instantlyn to anyone or may be a very few people.Internet was k immediatelyn to be a medium to communicate, this served as a boon for the software industry and umteen other corporate. Posts which took many days and at times months, could be delivered in effective few seconds. This made communication fast and easy. Slowly cyberspace expanded its areas and entered into radiation diagram peoples life. People started feeling the comfort of sending emails and communication easy and very quick. With the internet god, people starting enjoying the comfort and flexibility. Slowly with research and development, internet expanded its expertise. It became a source of information with huge database of information.Internet gave people the flexibility to get any kind of information that they needed, very fast. This added to peoples comfort and flexibilit y and they started enjoying the so called internet. As the information were made gettable, people started feeling the need of having flexibility to search for information with keywords and hence search engines similar Google, yahoo, msn were born. Research shows that, as the demand increases, supply also increased. The same thing happened with internet. People felt the need to do more with internet rather than except shooting/writing emails and getting information.Slowly internet expanded its wings towards the ecommerce. Groceries, garments, jewelries, greeting cards, flowers and gifts, computers and electronics everything became online. People reduced their showroom visits, and started enjoying the ecommerce which gave them flexibility to buy anything they desire with just few button clicks and with added benefits like home delivery. With so many flexibilities and comforts, people got addicted to the internet. They started enjoying the electronic or online world to be more prec ise. As the comfort increases, the desires also increase and same thing happened in the internet case.After ecommerce boom, came a big bash called web2. 0, it gave people more flexibility. Here the user was the king. Until immediately people were just reading information, purchasing items and so on and so forth, but with web 2. 0 concepts came a revolutionary change in the internet world. People were able to do lot many things like writing blogs, social networking, commenting and rating, sharing, collaboration, forming and joining online groups and communities. People were able to attending the online webinars, eLearning concepts, reading academic books or novels online, reading news online and so on.There is no end to the internet and the new concepts coming up. Internet gave people flexibility, flexibility to read, write, search, buy and do any(prenominal) they want and feel. Internet is like a genie for everyone, wish anything and you will get. Internet is not limited to big cit ies it expanded its wings to atomic villages also, qualification them all e-dependant. Despite of all these developments, internet didnt stop it grabbed its attention towards the students and teachers. Student started feeling the comfort of reading online, making notes, doing research and so on and so forth.Things which seemed like rocket science became a cake walk for them. Internet helped them in finding anything they desire. Students started spending more time online through internet than reading physical notes and books. Kids started playing online games hence reducing their outdoor games. As the internet came with so many comforts, people started enjoying them all and became internet addicted. Internet profit is more dangerous than any drugs. As and when people started enjoying their comforts with the so called internet god, they forgot everything else in life they started spending more time online.Even for small information they started searching online. Their social circle got affected. But what happened next? Most importantly their patience level decreased towards reading. Earlier people use to read books with lot of patience, going though the index page, turning through the page number they want to read, bookmarking the page where they stopped and so on. But with internet their reading ability decreased. They started feeling impatient about turning page by page to get any information. Ctrl+f (find) became their all time favorite shortcut.They in demand(p) these types of shortcut and online methods in their normal life also. Internet which came as a boon for all of us, became a curse for the authors and writers, since people started feeling disinterested towards reading books, rather they preferred eBooks which are personal manner simpler to read and navigate. EBooks provided them flexibility to click on hyperlinks and go to any particular topics, which is not possible through normal books. It gave them flexibility to search for any word they wish to find about in any particular topic or phrase.Internet totally changed the way people work. It changed peoples perception towards reading and writing. Those who were happy reading books started disliking them. They got so addicted to the internet that it became major part of their life for everything. Internet gull spoiled peoples mind, theoriseing ability, reading ability, writing ability and many more things. Those who enjoyed going to libraries and renting books and reading them, now likes to go to online libraries and read eBooks. Those who enjoyed reading newspapers now like reading news online in news sites.Those who liked reading or knowing general knowledge through GK books now like finding them online through Google or any such search engine. Those who liked doing research by collecting books and as many articles as possible, now like going online and referring online articles, links and books. Everything changed People find it flexible and comfortable to read online f or one more added reason that is information is available free of cost. Internet gave people everything they can desire in their life starting from comfort, flexibility to knowledge, technologies, gadgets and widgets and many more things.But it took away the patience from them. People dont want to apply their brains anywhere else but only on the internet and doing things online. Obviously why do they need to apply brains? When everything they want is getting them available efficiently, fast and with the same quality and with lots and lots of flexibility, why would they like to do things without internet. With all the points above, the only conclusion is the internet may be a boon for all of us to lead a comfortable life, but internet has taken away one very important things from all our lives, and that is readability.References http//news. zdnet. com/2100-9595_22-243997. hypertext markup language Is Google Making Us Stupid? http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Is_Google_Making_Us_Stupid%3F Internet Age Are We Losing Our Ability to Read and think? http//www. realtruth. org/articles/090105-006-science. html Leonard, Pitts. Is the Internet robbing us of the ability to read and think? http//www. sj- r. com/archive/x833711685/Leonard-Pitts-Is-the-Internet-robbing-us-of-the-ability-to-read- and-think Nicholas, Carr (2008). Is Google Making Us Stupid?